Classification ntawm Bolts
Bolts raug cais raws li ntau yam xws li lub taub hau style, tsav hom, xov specification, cov khoom siv, thiab daim ntawv thov. Cov hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov kev faib loj loj siv hauv engineering thiab kev tsim khoom.
1. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Lub Taub Hau Style
Lub taub hau configuration txiav txim cov cuab yeej kev koom tes txoj kev, bearing nto geometry, thiab aesthetic yam ntxwv.
表格
| Hom Lub taub hau | Kev piav qhia | Tej kev siv |
|---|---|---|
| Hex taub hau | Rau -sab taub hau nrog tiaj tus kabmob nto; feem ntau hom bolt | General siv, machinery, automotive |
| Square taub hau | Plaub-sab taub hau; muab loj wrenching cheeb tsam | Kev tsim kho hnyav, cov qauv hlau |
| Lub taub hau puag ncig | Domed cylindrical taub hau; smooth tsos | Kho kom zoo nkauj daim ntaub ntawv, txwv kev nkag |
| Countersunk (Flat) taub hau | Tapered taub hau uas zaum yaug nrog los yog hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw | Aerospace, daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau du nto |
| Khawm taub hau | Tsawg-profile puag ncig lub taub hau nrog tsav sab hauv | Machinery guards, aesthetic daim ntaub ntawv |
| Carriage ntsia liaj qhov rooj | Hloov lub taub hau nrog square caj dab hauv qab; tiv thaiv kev sib hloov thaum zawm | Ntoo tsim, chaw nres nkoj |
| Flange taub hau | Integral washer-zoo li flange hauv qab lub taub hau; faib clamping load | Automotive, siab - daim ntawv thov kev co |
| 12-Point taub hau | Ob chav -hex configuration; muab ntau lub kaum ntse ntse | Aerospace, qhov chaw tseem ceeb- txwv kev sib dhos |
2. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Hom Tsav
Lub kaw lus tsav txiav txim siab lub cuab yeej cuam tshuam thiab kev sib kis torque.
表格
| Tsav hom | Kev piav qhia | Yam ntxwv |
|---|---|---|
| Sab nraud hex | Pas rau -sided taub hau; ntswj los yog qhov (socket) kev koom tes | Muaj peev xwm torque; cov cuab yeej siv dav |
| Internal hex (Allen) | Hexagonal so nyob rau hauv lub taub hau; Allen key koom tes | Compact lub taub hau tsim; haum rau counterbored qhov |
| Torx | Rau -lobe hnub qub-zoo li tus so; resists cam - tawm | Siab torque hloov; txo cov cuab yeej hnav |
| Phillips | Hla-zoo li tus so; tus kheej -centering | Feem ntau nyob rau hauv me me fasteners; yooj yim rau cam- tawm ntawm siab torque |
| Slotted | Ib qhov ncaj ncaj; flat- hniav ntsia hlau | Yooj yim tab sis nquag cam - tawm; txwv torque muaj peev xwm |
| Robertson (Square) | Square chaw so; kev koom tes zoo | Nrov hauv Canadian kev tsim kho; resists stripping |
| Spline | Ntau longitudinal grooves; siab torque muaj peev xwm | Aerospace thiab kev siv tshuab hnyav |
3. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Xov Xwm Specification
Xov geometry yog standardized los xyuas kom meej interchangeability thiab zoo mechanical kev ua tau zoo.
表格
| Kev ntsuas | Kev faib tawm | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|---|
| Xov profile | Unified/ISO metric | 60℃V- xov; txheem rau kev siv dav dav |
| Acme | Trapezoidal xov; siv rau kev xa xov hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau lead | |
| Npuag | Asymmetric profile; siab unidirectional load peev | |
| Square | Square profile; high efficiency fais fab kis (tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv bolts) | |
| Xov xov | Coarse xov | Lub suab loj dua; ntau dua tiv thaiv stripping; lub hom phiaj dav dav |
| Cov xov zoo | Lub suab me me; siab dua tensile stress area; zoo dua kev co kuj | |
| Ntxiv - xov zoo | suab me me heev; siv hauv nyias- cov khoom siv phab ntsa thiab cov cuab yeej precision | |
| Xov series | UNC (Unified Coarse) | Txheem ntxhib series; kev siv dav dav |
| UNF (Unified Fine) | Zoo series; txhim kho qaug zog tiv thaiv thiab kev kho muaj peev xwm | |
| UNEF (Unified Extra Fine) | Ntxiv nplua series; nyias cov ntaub ntawv thiab precision sib dhos | |
| Metric ntxhib (M) | Txheem ISO metric threads; thoob ntiaj teb tus qauv | |
| Metric nplua (MF) | Fine pitch metric threads; siab -kev siv zog |
4. Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab
Kev xaiv cov khoom txiav txim siab lub zog, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kub muaj peev xwm, thiab tus nqi.
表格
| Qib/Tej Khoom | Khoom siv | Tensile zog | Tej kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qib 2 / Chav Kawm 4.8 | Tsawg / nruab nrab carbon steel | 74,000 psi / 420 MPa | Lub hom phiaj dav dav; tsis yog- cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb |
| Qib 5 / Chav Kawm 8.8 | Nruab nrab carbon steel, quenched thiab tempered | 120,000 psi / 800 MPa | Automotive, machinery; qib feem ntau |
| Qib 8 / Chav Kawm 10.9 | Nruab nrab carbon alloy steel, quenched thiab tempered | 150,000 psi / 1,040 MPa | Cov tshuab hnyav, kev sib txuas ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb |
| Chav Kawm 12.9 | Alloy steel, quenched thiab tempered | 1,220 MPa | Siab - siv zog; txwv ductility |
| A2-70 / A4-70 | Austenitic stainless hlau (304/316) | 700 MPa | Corrosion- tiv taus ib puag ncig; marine, tshuaj |
| A2-80 / A4-80 | Austenitic stainless hlau, txias ua haujlwm | 800 MPa | Siab zog corrosion- daim ntaub ntawv tiv taus |
| B8 / B8M | Stainless hlau (ASTM A193) | Nws txawv ntawm chav kawm | High -kub siab siab siv nkoj |
| Titanium (Gr 5 Ti-6Al-4V) | Titanium alloy | 950MPa ua | Aerospace, lub teeb yuag tseem ceeb siv |
5. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm
表格
| Qeb | Kev piav qhia | Piv txwv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov qauv bolts | Siab - lub zog bolts rau steel ncej tsim; tsim los tiv thaiv shear thiab nro | ASTM A325, A490; TS EN 14399 |
| Tshuab bolts | General - lub hom phiaj bolts rau kev sib dhos tshuab | Hex taub hau, square taub hau bolts |
| Anchor bolts | Embedded rau hauv pob zeb los yog masonry kom ruaj ntseg cov qauv rau hauv paus | J-bolts, L-bolts, wedge anchors |
| Lag bolts (Lag screws) | Loj ntoo ntsia hlau nrog hex taub hau; siv hauv kev tsim kho ntoo | Coach screws, ntoo bolts |
| U-cov | U-zoo li tus bolts nrog threaded xaus; siv los tuav cov kav dej thiab cov khoom puag ncig | Cov yeeb nkab txhawb nqa, automotive nplooj springs |
| Qhov muag bolts | Lub taub hau tsim rau hauv ib lub voj; siv rau lifting thiab rigging | Machinery lifting cov ntsiab lus, theatrical rigging |
| Toggle bolts | Caij nplooj ntoos hlav-loaded tis uas nthuav tom qab hollow phab ntsa; siv nyob rau hauv drywall thiab hollow masonry | Hollow phab ntsa anchors |
| Expansion bolts | Mechanically nthuav dav kom tuav cov khoom siv hauv paus; siv hauv pob zeb thiab pob zeb | Lub tes tsho anchors, wedge anchors |
| Tension tswj bolts | Siab - lub zog structural bolts nrog splined xaus uas shear tawm ntawm tsim nyog preload | Twist{0}}tawm bolts; siv hauv kev tsim steel |
6. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Nto Finish thiab Txheej
表格
| Finish / Txheej | Kev piav qhia | Lub hom phiaj |
|---|---|---|
| Plain (uncoated) | Tsis muaj kev kho deg; liab qab steel | Tsawg-ib puag ncig corrosion; siv tam sim ntawd |
| Zinc plated (electroplated) | Nyias zinc txheej ntawm electrolysis | Kev tiv thaiv corrosion dav dav; kev lag luam |
| Kub-dip galvanized | Txheej zinc txheej los ntawm molten zinc da dej | Heavy-lub luag haujlwm sab nraum zoov tiv thaiv corrosion |
| Mechanically galvanized | Zinc particles txias-welded rau saum npoo | Kev tiv thaiv corrosion tsis muaj hydrogen embrittlement txaus ntshai |
| Zinc{0}}aluminium flake (Geomet/Dacromet) | Inorganic zinc- txhuas txheej | Superior corrosion kuj; tsis muaj hydrogen embrittlement |
| Phosphate coated | Crystalline phosphate conversion txheej | Xim adhesion puag; nruab nrab corrosion tiv thaiv |
| Dub oxide | Chemically tsim Fe₃O₄ txheej | Tsawg heev corrosion kuj; zoo nkauj; txo glare |
| PTFE txheej | Polytetrafluoroethylene polymer txheej |
7. Kev faib tawm los ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom
表格
| Txoj kev | Kev piav qhia | Yam ntxwv |
|---|---|---|
| Cold formed (kub taub hau) | Tsim nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub los ntawm hlau | Grain flow raws contour; superior qaug zog; economical rau siab ntim |
| Kub forged | Tsim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias | Qhov loj dua; txo ua hauj lwm hardening; coarser grain qauv |
| Machined (txiav los ntawm bar) | Tig los ntawm cov khoom ruaj khov | Haum rau cov khoom me me; tsis muaj nplej ntws; tus nqi siab dua |
| Rolled threads | Xov tsim los ntawm yas deformation | Ua haujlwm- tawv tawv; compressive residual kev nyuaj siab; superior qaug zog lub neej |
| Txiav xov | Xov machined los ntawm kev txiav los yog sib tsoo | Precise geometry; tsis ua hauj lwm hardening; qis zog tsis kam |
