Hlau/Bar Drawing Txheej txheem - Kev Tshawb Fawb
1. Daim duab kos yog dab tsi?
Kev kos duabyog ib txoj kev tsim hlau nyob rau hauv uas ib tug hlau pas nrig, bar, hlau, los yog raj yog rub los ntawm ib tug tapered tuag, txo nws tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam thiab nce nws ntev. Tsis zoo li dov, kos duab yog ibtxheej txheem tensile- cov khoom yog rub, tsis thawb - ua kom muaj kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov txheej txheem ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawmntim tsis tu ncua: raws li cross-sectional cheeb tsam txo, qhov ntev nce proportionally.
2. Hom kev kos duab
表格
| Hom | Kev piav qhia | Yam khoom |
|---|---|---|
| Qws / Bar kos duab | Ib leeg lossis ntau dhau los ntawm kev tuag; tuav feem ntau Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 5-9 hli | Titanium bar, stainless hlau |
| Hlau kos duab | Nruam duab los ntawm ib tug series ntawm tuag nrog capstans ntawm passes | Titanium hlau, hlau hlau (txog ~ 0.05 hli) |
| Tube kos duab | Tshaj ib qho tsau / ntab mandrel lossis ntsaws (ntxuav tsis muaj mandrel rau phab ntsa loj) | Titanium raj, precision raj |
| Daim duab kos duab | Tsis yog - voj voog tuag rau profiles (square, hexagonal, ca) | Profile xov hlau, ntu tshwj xeeb |
3. Txheej Txheem Flow (Tswj titanium hlau piv txwv)
Kev npaj nto- Acid pickling (HF + HNO₃) kom tshem tawm oxide nplai thiab qhov chaw tsis xws luag; lubricant txheej (xov xab npum, txiv qaub, los yog tshwj xeeb titanium lubricant)
taw tes- Qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg yog swaged / dov mus rau qhov chaw me me kom nkag mus rau qhov tuag
Daim duab hla dhau- Ntau qhov hla dhau me me tuag, nroginter-pass annealingrau titanium (kom rov qab ductility ploj mus ua hauj lwm hardening)
Inter- kis kev kho mob- Pickling + lubricant re- txheej tom qab txhua qhov anneal
Qhov kawg sizing pass- Kev txo qis me me rau qhov raug thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw
Ua tiav- Ncaj, txiav, spooling; ntxuav thiab tshuaj xyuas
4. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb
(a) Kev txo qis (Kev txo thaj tsam)
ε=A0A0−A1×100%
Titanium hlau: feem ntau15-25% rau ib qho kev xeemrau qib CP; qis (10-15%) rau alloys xws li TC4
Hlau hlau: tuaj yeem ncav cuag 20-35% ib zaug
Siab dhau → tuag hnav, hlau tawg; tsawg dhau → tsis zoo nto, tsis muaj zog ntau lawm
(b) Tuag Geometry
Lub kaum sab xis ( ): feem ntau 8-14℃rau titanium; cuam tshuam rau cheeb tsam deformation, kev sib txhuam, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua
Cov kabmob ntev: tswj sizing thiab nto tiav
Cov ntaub ntawv tuag:sintered carbide (tungsten carbide)rau feem ntau ua haujlwm;Polycrystalline pob zeb diamond (PCD)thiabntuj pob zeb diamondrau qhov zoo / qhov kawg hla dhau thiab tsis yog - hlau zoo li titanium
(c) Kev nrawm nrawm
Titanium: feem ntauqis-rau- nrawm nrawm(ob peb mus rau kaum ntawm m / min rau bar; mus txog pua pua m / min rau nplua hlau nrog lubrication kom zoo)
Tshaj ceev → Thaum tshav kub kub buildup, lubricant zaj duab xis tawg
(d) Lubrication
Qhov tseem ceeb rau titanium vim nwsgalling nyiam(titanium adheres rau tuag nto thiab welds nyob rau hauv siab)
Cov roj nplua nyeem: xab npum hmoov, roj-raws li lubricants, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) coatings, fluoride/phosphate conversion coatings rau hnyav draws
(e) Kub
Txias daim duab(chaw kub): tus qauv rau hlau thiab cov raj - ua hauj lwm hardening tshwm sim
Daim duab sov(150-300℃rau titanium): txo lub zog thiab nqus zog rau cov alloys nyuaj
Kub daim duab: tsis tshua muaj; siv rau kev txo qis heev lossis nyuaj alloys
(f) Drawing Force
F=σavg⋅A1⋅(1+μcot)⋅lnA1A0
Qhov twg σ=flow stress, μ=kev sib txhuam coefficient,=lub kaum sab xis tuag. Kev quab yuam yuav tsum nyob qis dua lub zog tensile ntawm ntu kos kom zamhlau tawg.
5. Khoom siv
表格
| Khoom siv | Muaj nuj nqi |
|---|---|
| Bull block / ib leeg - tuag drawbench | Qws thiab bar kos duab; yooj yim batch ua haujlwm |
| Multi-thov tshuab kos duab (nruam) | Series ntawm tuag + capstans; intermediate capstans khw thiab rub hlau; enables siab productivity |
| Inline annealing + pickling kab | Rau titanium - integrated txheej txheem txoj kev |
| Tube kos duab lub rooj ntev zaum | Nrog mandrel/plug systems rau ID tswj |
| Tuag polishing / tshuaj xyuas tshuab | Khaws cov khoom zoo - tseem ceeb rau titanium |
6. Titanium-Kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb
Titanium yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau nyuaj rau kos, vim yog:
Siab zog thiab ua hauj lwm ceev ceev- yuav tsum tau nquag inter-thov annealing (nqus los yog argon cua annealing ntawm 650-750℃kom tsis txhob muaj pa paug)
Muaj zog chemical reactivity- sticks tuag; Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm pickling
Tsawg elastic modulus- springback ua rau kev tswj qhov loj me
rhiab heev rau hydrogen- pickling yuav tsum tau tswj (ntau tshaj HF pickup ua hydrogen embrittlement)
Thaum tshav kub kub tiam- low thermal conductivity concentrates frictional tshav kub ntawm qhov tuag; ceev thiab lubrication yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj
7. Kev tsis raug thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo
表格
| Tsis zoo | Ua rau | Kev tiv thaiv |
|---|---|---|
| Hlau tawg | Kev txo qis ntau dhau, lubrication tsis zoo, sab hauv tsis zoo | Txhim kho lub sijhawm txo qis, txhim kho lubrication, UT tshuaj xyuas cov khoom noj |
| Kos / qhab nia | Hnav tuag, titanium adhesion (galling) | Tuag polishing, lubricant zoo dua, luv tuag lub neej voj voog |
| Txoj kab uas hla variation | Lub zog tsis sib xws, tuag hnav, capstan plam | Kaw-Kev saib xyuas lub voj voog txoj kab uas hla, kev tshuaj xyuas tuag tsis tu ncua |
| Nto tawg | Tshaj- txo qis, cov khoom noj tsis huv | Tsim nyog annealing cycles, huv si |
| Oxide / deg contamination | Tsis tsim nyog annealing cua | Nqus los yog argon annealing; tag nrho pickling |
| Residual stress / twist | Tsis sib xws deformation | Ncaj, ntxhov siab-relief anneal |
8. Qhov zoo thiab qhov txwv ntawm kev kos duab
Qhov zoo:
Qhov zoo ntawm qhov raug (qhov siab ntawm ± 0.01 hli tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm cov xaim zoo)
Superior nto tiav (Ra mus rau 0.1-0.4 μm)
Ua hauj lwm hardening nce lub zog thaum ua
Cov cuab yeej yooj yim; hloov tau rau cov khoom me me thiab ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg
Kev txwv:
Txwv rau - hla kev txo qis; ntau dhau yuav tsum tau (slow rau loj tag nrho txo)
High tuag thiab lubricant nqi rau reactive hlau zoo li titanium
Cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem yuav xav tau tom qab- kos duab annealing
Hla -section yog txwv los ntawm lub zog tensile - ntu loj heev tsis tuaj yeem kos
Kev kos duab yog cov hlau tensile- txheej txheem tsimuas rub cov pas nrig, xov hlau, thiab cov raj los ntawm cov kab sib txuas kom txo tau tus ntoo khaub lig-section nrog siab precision thiab nto zoo. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hloov pauv - txo qhov piv ntawm ib qho dhau los, tuag geometry, lubrication, ceev, thiab kub - yuav tsum ua tib zoo sib npaug los tiv thaiv kev tawg thiab tsis xws luag. Rau titanium tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem yog nyuaj los ntawm galling, ua hauj lwm ceev ceev, thiab nto reactivity, xav tau nquag annealing -pickling cycles, tshwj xeeb lubricants, thiab nruj huab cua tswj. Txawm hais tias cov kev sib tw no, kev kos duab tseem yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv titanium hlau, bar, thiab cov khoom siv raj.
