Common Classifications ntawm Fasteners
Fasteners yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho tshuab, ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom lossis kev ruaj ntseg ntau yam ua ke. Kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv thov engineering tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntau yam ntawm cov fastener hom, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ke raws li ntau qhov sib txawv.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm Thawj Txoj Haujlwm
Threaded Fastenerssawv cev rau qeb tshaj plaws, vam khom rau helical threads los tsim clamping quab yuam los ntawm kev siv tshuab kom zoo dua. Cov pab pawg no muaj xws li bolts, screws, studs, ceev, thiab threaded inserts. Bolts yog sab nraud threaded fasteners tsim rau kev ntxig los ntawm qhov hauv cov khoom sib dhos, feem ntau yog npaj los siv nrog cov txiv ntoo. Screws zoo ib yam li cov tsos, tab sis feem ntau koom nrog cov xov sab hauv hauv ib qho ntawm cov khoom tau koom nrog. Studs yog headless threaded rods threaded ntawm ob qho kawg, tsim los ntsia hlau mus tas li rau hauv ib qho kev tivthaiv thaum txais ib lub txiv ntoo ntawm qhov kawg rau kev sib dhos.
Tsis yog -Threaded Fastenersencompass rivets, pins, retaining rings, thiab cov yuam sij. Rivets tsim cov pob qij txha mus tas li los ntawm cov yas deformation ntawm lub shank kawg tom qab tso. Pins muab qhov chaw meej thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov khoom thaum tiv thaiv shear loads. Khaws cov nplhaib, nrog rau cov circlips thiab E-clip, ruaj cov khoom axially ntawm shafts los yog nyob rau hauv bores. Cov yuam sij xa cov torque ntawm shafts thiab hubs hauv cov tshuab fais fab kis tau tus mob.
Elastic Fastenerssiv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav quab yuam kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke los yog muab kev kaw haujlwm. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntxhua khaub ncaws, Belleville ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab yoj ntxhua khaub ncaws them nyiaj rau kev xoob los ntawm thermal cycling los yog kev co. Tension pins thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav dowels cia siab rau radial elastic quab yuam kom tuav hauv qhov.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm Tsav Tsheb thiab Kev Sib Koom Tes Mechanism
Txoj kev uas torque yog siv rau lub fastener yog lwm qhov kev faib axis. Externally tsav fasteners muaj xws li hexagon taub hau bolts thiab screws, square taub hau bolts, thiab kaum ob -point flange bolts, tag nrho cov koom nrog wrenches los yog sockets. Internally tsav fasteners siv recesses nyob rau hauv lub taub hau, xws li hexagon socket (Allen), Torx, Robertson, Phillips, Pozidriv, thiab slotted drives. Txhua hom tsav muaj qhov zoo sib xws txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog sib kis, cam- tawm qhov tsis kam, cuab yeej siv tau, thiab kev sib tw automation.
Tamper- tiv taus thiab ruaj ntseg fasteners suav nrog tshwj xeeb tsav geometry tsim los tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm tsis tau tso cai, suav nrog tri-tis, lub taub hau spanner, ib qho - txoj kev screws, thiab tus pin- hauv - qhov sib txawv.
Classification los ntawm Head Style
Lub taub hau configuration txiav txim siab cov cuab yeej kev koom tes, bearing nto cov yam ntxwv, thiab zoo nkauj los yog haumxeeb kev koom ua ke nrog cov assembled Cheebtsam. Pan taub hau muaj qhov qis, dav profile nrog cov kabmob tiaj tus. Countersunk taub hau, suav nrog ntau hom tiaj tus thiab oval, zaum yaug nrog lossis hauv qab ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm conical zaum. Round taub hau muab lub domed exposed profile. Cheese taub hau thiab lub tog raj kheej taub hau muab siab, cylindrical profiles rau sib sib zog nqus socket. Khawm taub hau thiab truss hau muab dav, tsis tshua muaj profiles faib clamping load nyob rau hauv loj cheeb tsam. Lub taub hau tshwj xeeb xws li flange taub hau, taub hau ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab lub taub hau taub hau hais txog cov kabmob tshwj xeeb, kev sib khi, lossis kev tshem tawm.
Classification los ntawm Xov Form thiab Standard
Xov geometry fundamentally distinguishes fastener tsev neeg. Metric threads ua raws li ISO 261 thiab ISO 965 tus qauv, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm 60-degree flank cov ces kaum thiab qhov ntev teev hauv millimeters. Unified inch threads, tswj hwm los ntawm ANSI/ASME B1.1, zoo ib yam siv 60-degree profiles tab sis nrog qhov ntev ntawm ntiv tes. British Standard Whitworth threads feature 55-degree flank cov ces kaum thiab puag ncig crests thiab cov hauv paus hniav, keeb kwm tseem ceeb txawm hais tias tam sim no loj dua. Cov yeeb nkab xov, suav nrog NPT thiab BSP, suav nrog taper rau kev sib khi nruj. Trapezoidal thiab acme threads ua haujlwm rau kev siv hluav taws xob xa mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm siab thiab muaj peev xwm thauj khoom ntau dua qhov kev ntsuas tus kheej ntawm tus qauv V-threads.
Cov ntawv xov xov tshwj xeeb suav nrog tus kheej -tapping xov rau cov ntawv hlau thiab yas, xov- tsim cov qauv tsim uas tshem cov khoom tsis muaj nti tshem tawm, thiab ntxaib- cov xov hlau ua kom muaj kev sib koom tes sai.
Classification los ntawm Khoom thiab Mechanical Property
Fastener xaiv cov khoom sib npaug zog, corrosion kuj, kub muaj peev xwm, hnyav, thiab nqi. Carbon thiab alloy steel fasteners dominate general engineering, cais los ntawm cov cuab yeej chav kawm qhia lub zog tensile thiab yield zog piv. Cov khoom vaj khoom tsev 4.8 sawv cev rau qis- carbon steel nrog lub zog nruab nrab, thaum chav kawm 8.8, 10.9, thiab 12.9 qhia tias muaj zog ntau dua los ntawm nruab nrab - carbon thiab alloy steel nrog kev kho cua sov. Stainless hlau qib, feem ntau austenitic A2 (304 sib npaug) thiab A4 (316 sib npaug), muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion nrog cov cuab yeej chav kawm 50, 70, thiab 80 qhia txog qib zog. Martensitic thiab nag lossis daus- cov qib stainless hlau muaj zog dua nrog txo cov corrosion kuj.
Cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog-ferrous suav nrog titanium alloys rau lub zog hnyav- rau- qhov hnyav piv thiab seawater corrosion kuj, tooj liab alloys rau hluav taws xob conductivity thiab anti-galling zog, aluminium alloys rau lub teeb yuag daim ntaub ntawv, thiab npib tsib xee-raws li superalloys rau siab kub kev pab cuam.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm Kev Kho Nto thiab Txheej
Cov kev kho deg txhim kho corrosion kuj, hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txhuam, los yog muab kev pom kev pom. Electroplated zinc nrog chromate hloov dua siab tshiab coatings, tshwm raws li xim zinc (daj iridescent) los yog dawb / xiav zinc (ntshiab), muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion sacrificial. Mechanical zinc plating thiab zinc flake coatings muab lwm txoj hauv kev uas tsis muaj hydrogen embrittlement txaus ntshai. Kub-dip galvanizing ua cov txheej zinc tuab rau hnyav-cov haujlwm sab nraum zoov. Phosphate coatings txhim kho xim adhesion thiab muab nruab nrab corrosion kuj. Oxide blackening muab cov hniav zoo nkauj nrog kev tiv thaiv tsawg. Cov txheej txheem qib siab suav nrog dacromet thiab geomet rau siab -kev ua haujlwm corrosion, PTFE thiab Xylan rau qis- kev sib txhuam thiab tshuaj lom neeg, thiab electroless npib tsib xee rau kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo ntawm cov geometry nyuaj.
Classification los ntawm Application Domain
Kev lag luam- cov kev cai tshwj xeeb tau tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb fastener. Cov txheej txheem steel fasteners rau kev tsim kho thiab txuas hniav, tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv xws li EN 14399, hais txog preloaded siab - lub zog bolting nrog matched bolts, txiv ntseej, thiab tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Aerospace fasteners xav tau lub zog siab heev- rau- qhov hnyav piv, qaug zog tiv thaiv, thiab taug qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab kev tswj ntau. Automotive fasteners sib npaug tus nqi ua haujlwm nrog kev ntseeg siab hauv kev vibration, thermal cycling, thiab corrosive ib puag ncig. Marine fasteners yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm seawater corrosion kuj, feem ntau siv silicon bronze, Monel, los yog titanium cov ntaub ntawv. Electronics fasteners hais txog miniaturization, tsis yog{10}}magnetic zog, thiab precision torque tswj. Khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj fasteners xav kom huv si tsim tshem tawm crevices thiab yooj yim tu, feem ntau nyob rau hauv stainless hlau nrog polished nto.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb
Xauv Fastenerskoom nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tus kheej -loo nyob rau hauv kev co. Prevailing torque ceev siv deformed threads los yog nylon inserts los tsim kev sib txhuam tsis kam. Tag nrho - hlau xauv ceev ua tiav cov haujlwm zoo sib xws los ntawm kev cuam tshuam xov los yog cov tshuab deformation. Cov ntxhua khaub ncaws nrog serrated los yog ribbed nto nce kev sib txhuam hauv qab lub taub hau taub hau los yog txiv ntseej. Adhesive thread-locking compounds muab kua locking siv thaum sib dhos.
Sealing Fastenersintegrate sealing ntsiab rau siab los yog kua ntim. Sealing screws thiab bolts suav nrog O-rings, gaskets, lossis xov sealants. Hollow fasteners haum rau kev txhaj tshuaj sealant. Cov ntawv xov tshwj xeeb tsim kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov foob los ntawm cov yas deformation.
Adjustable Fastenerstso cai tshaj tawm -kev hloov kho nro. Turnbuckles kho cable los yog pas nrig nro. Jacking screws muab qhov kev hloov kho qhov tseeb. dab tshos screws thiab slotted fasteners pab clamping quab yuam variation tsis tiav disassembly.
