Qhov tsis xws luag ntawm titanium pas nrig - Kev Paub

Tus neeg siv tab tom nug rau lus Askiv qhia txog yuav ua li cas los daws qhov tsis xws luag cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej txheej ntawm titanium rods. Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm txuj ci / engineering. Kuv yuav tsum muab cov lus qhia dav dav, zoo - cov lus teb hauv lus Askiv:

Dab tsi ntawm qhov tsis xws luag cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej yog (qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov teeb meem)

Hom kev tshem tawm / kho nws

Cov txheej txheem qhia meej

Kev tswj hwm / kev tshuaj xyuas zoo

Kuv tsis tas yuav tshawb nrhiav lub vev xaib rau qhov no vim nws yog qhov zoo -tsim lub ntsiab lus metallurgical kuv tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kuv qhov kev paub txog kev cob qhia. Cia kuv muab cov lus teb meej, kev tshaj lij.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los npog:

Titanium reactivity ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (alpha case formation)

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej (alpha case) muaj cov pa oxygen / nitrogen / carbon enriched hard brittle txheej

Txoj kev: tshem tawm txhua yam (sib tsoo, machining), tshuaj tshem tawm (pickling), electrochemical txoj kev

Txheej txheem tsis

Kev tshuaj xyuas zoo

Cia kuv sau qhov no ua lus Askiv raws li tau thov, nrog rau cov suab lus tshaj lij. Kuv mam li npaj kom meej nrog ntu. Kuv mam li muab cov lus qhia ua lus Askiv dav dav txog kev tuav cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (alpha case) ntawm titanium rods.

Tuav Nto Cov Teeb Meem Cov Txheej Txheem ntawm Titanium Rods

1. Nkag siab txog Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem

Titanium yog reactive heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (saum toj no~ 600℃/ 1112℃F). Thaum lub sij hawm kub ua hauj lwm, forging, los yog kev kho cua sov, titanium rods nkag tau cov ntsiab lus interstitial - feem ntauoxygen, nitrogen, thiab carbon- los ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig. Qhov no tsim ib qho nyuaj, brittle nto txheej hu ua"alpha cas"los yognto txheej txheej.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej:

Hardness: Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj cov hlau puag (HV 500–800 vs. HV 200–300 rau ntshiab Ti)

Brittleness: Yooj yim rau tawg thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab lossis cuam tshuam

Qhov tob: Feem ntau 0.05–0.30 mm, nyob ntawm lub sij hawm raug thiab kub

Qhov tshwm sim: Tsaus grey rau bluish discoloration

Cov txheej no yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm vim nws degrades hnyav heevqaug zog kuj, ductility, thiabkev ua haujlwm corrosionntawm cov khoom kawg.

2. Txoj kev tshem tawm

A. Kev tshem tawm tshuab

表格

Txoj kev	Kev piav qhia	Daim ntawv thov
Sib tsoo / Abrasive Blasting	Siv alumina los yog silicon carbide abrasives los zom tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej	General -lub hom phiaj, haum rau qhov chaw loj
Machining / Tig	Precision txiav kom tshem tawm qhov cuam tshuam qhov tob	Thaum me me kam rau ua
Tumbling / Vibratory Finishing	Loj xov nrog ceramic media rau me me pas nrig los yog fasteners	Batch ua cov khoom me me

Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb: Qhov kev tshem tawm qhov tob yuav tsum tshaj qhov ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej qhov tob los ntawm kev nyab xeeb (feem ntauNtau dua lossis sib npaug li 0.1 mmdhau qhov ntsuas qhov tob tshaj plaws alpha).

B. Tshuaj tshem tawm (Pickling)

Acid pickling yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau titanium rods.

Txheem Pickling Solutions:

表格

Kev daws teeb meem	Kub	Sijhawm	Sau ntawv
HF : HNO₃ : H₂O(1:4:5 - 1:6:5)	20-60 degree	2–15 feeb	Feem ntau; HF dissolves Ti, HNO₃ passivates
HF : HNO₃ : H₂O (1:10:20)	40-60 degree	5–30 feeb	Cov tshuaj me me rau cov txheej nyias nyias

Txheej txheem tswj:

HF concentrationtxiav txim siab etch; siab dhau ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo hydrogen embrittlement

HNO ₃/HF ratio must be maintained >4: 1 los tiv thaiv kev nqus dej ntau dhau

Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txiasNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob etching

Tshaj tawm -pickling: Tam sim ntawd yaug kom huv si hauv dej deionized, tom qab ziab. Qee qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau aneutralizing dejnyob rau hauv dilute sodium carbonate kua.

C. Electrochemical Methods

表格

Txoj kev	Txoj Cai	Qhov zoo
Electropolishing	Anodic dissolution nyob rau hauv acidic electrolyte	Smooth, ci ntsa iab; tswj tau meej
Electrochemical Etching	Tswj anodic dissolution	Kev tshem tawm tsis xws luag; haum rau cov duab complex

Electrolytes: Feem ntau perchloric acid-acetic acid sib tov lossis sulfuric acid-raws li kev daws teeb meem.

3. Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm rau Titanium Qws Kho

tiaj

┌──────────────────┐ │ Incoming Rod │ │ (nrog -case) │ └─────────┬───────────┘ ▼ ┌─────────────────── Dye │ │ Penetrant Test │ └────────┬────────┘ ▼ ┌───────────── ───┐ │ Ntsuas - case │ │ 2 qhov tob (micro │ metallography) │ └─────────┬────────┘ ▼ ┌────────────────┐ │ Tshem Tawm Txheej │ │ (grind/pickle/│) │ └─────────┬─────────┘ ▼ ┌────────────────┐ │ Tshawb xyuas kev tshem tawm │ │ (micro-hardness │ │ lossis acid │) │ └─────────┬─────────┘ ▼ ┌───────────────── │ Kev tu zaum kawg │ │ & passivation │ └────────────── ┌──────────────────┐ │ Final NDT & │ │ dimensional │ │ kev tshuaj xyuas │ └───────────────────┘

4. Cov txheej txheem pov thawj zoo

表格

Txoj Kev Xeem	Txuj	Lub hom phiaj
Micro{0}}hardness profileing	ASTM E 384 1	Tshawb xyuas qhov hnyav hnyav qhia tias seem - rooj plaub
Kev ntsuam xyuas metallographic	ASTM E3, E407, ASTM E3	Kev pom tseeb ntawm - qhov kev tshem tawm
Acid etch test	AMS 4902, ASTM F67	Macro-etch kom pom cov seem seem
Dye penetrant tshuaj xyuas	ASTM E 1417 Cov Lus Qhia	Nto crack detection post - tshem tawm

Kev lees txais: Qhov saum npoo hardness yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj1.1 × core hardness(los yog cov nqi tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv qib, piv txwv li, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 320 HV rau Qib 2 Ti).

5. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv txheej txheej

Rau kev ua thermal tom ntej, kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li:

表格

Ntsuas	Kev nqis tes ua
Nqus cua sov kho	<10⁻³ mbar pressure
Inert gas tiv thaiv	High-purity argon (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.999%)
Oxygen tau txais	Titanium khawb hauv qhov cub
Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv	Boron nitride lossis ceramic -raws li txheej txheej
Tswj huab cua	Me ntsis txo lossis nruab nrab ib puag ncig